Lessons
Learn backend concepts step by step
Lessons
Master backend development through comprehensive lessons covering all essential concepts.
Learning Path
1. Request Lifecycle
Understand how HTTP requests flow through the framework
2. Routing System
Learn how URLs map to controllers
3. Middleware Pipeline
Filter requests before they reach controllers
4. Authentication
User login, sessions, and password security
5. Database Queries
Secure database operations and SQL injection prevention
6. Session Management
Persist data across requests with sessions and flash data
Docker Basics
Understand containers, images, and core Docker CLI commands
Writing Dockerfiles
Write a production-style Dockerfile for DALT.PHP step by step
Docker Compose
Orchestrate PHP, PostgreSQL, and Nginx as one stack with a single command
PostgreSQL First Contact
Connect to a real Postgres instance, write raw SQL, and understand DALT's database layer
PostgreSQL Core
JOINs, aggregations, indexes, transactions, and constraints — everything you need for real database work.
DALT Database Layer
How DALT's query methods map to PDO, writing paginated endpoints, and handling transactions from PHP.
Docker Intermediate
Multi-stage builds, health checks, service-healthy depends_on, volume backups, and .dockerignore — shrink your image and make your stack reliable.
PostgreSQL Advanced
Window functions, CTEs, JSONB storage and querying, full-text search with tsvector, and how to apply each in DALT.PHP controllers.
Docker Production Patterns
Moving passwords out of compose files with Docker secrets, using restart policies, setting resource limits, and configuring PgBouncer.
PostgreSQL Reliability
Backups, restore processes, migrations as code, and handling failed migrations.
Advanced PostgreSQL
Row-Level Security (RLS) for multi-tenancy, range partitioning for massive tables, and pg_cron for scheduled tasks inside the database.
Observability
If you can't see it, you can't fix it. Learn how to use pg_stat_statements to find slow queries and add indexes where they are needed.
What You'll Learn
After completing all lessons, you'll understand:
- ✅ HTTP request lifecycle in web frameworks
- ✅ Routing and URL-to-controller mapping
- ✅ Middleware and request filtering
- ✅ Authentication and password security
- ✅ Database queries and SQL injection prevention
- ✅ Session management and flash data
- ✅ Common backend bugs and how to fix them
Lesson Format
Each lesson includes:
- Clear explanations of core concepts
- Code examples with syntax highlighting
- Common pitfalls and debugging tips
- Practice exercises to reinforce learning
- Links to challenges for hands-on practice
Estimated Time
- Per Lesson: 30-45 minutes
- Total: 3-4 hours
- With Challenges: 6-8 hours
Ready to Learn?
Start with the first lesson or jump to any topic that interests you!